The heavy-duty engine industry in the United States faces a difficult challenge in demonstrating engine technologies to achieve 55% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for future heavy-duty diesel engines under the aegis of the US Department of Energy’songoing SuperTruck II program (US DOE, 2017) … This work was conducted by Hamidreza Mahabadipour, Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan, and Sundar Rajan Krishnan from the University of Alabama and Swaminathan Subramanian from Eaton Corporate Research and Technology.